What underlying message does the passage suggest about social responsibility during Spencer's time?

• A. There was a lack of understanding of its importance
• B. It was widely embraced by the population
• C. It was discouraged by leading intellectuals
• D. It was perceived as secondary to personal pursuits

Answer: (D)

The passage suggests that during Spencer's time, social responsibility was viewed as secondary to personal pursuits. This idea can be seen in the context of the individualistic philosophies prevalent at the time, where the focus was primarily on self-advancement and personal success rather than collective social obligation. Spencer's work, which often emphasized the survival of the fittest, reflected a belief that individuals should prioritize their own well-being and prosperity, which could detract from a commitment to societal needs.

This perspective indicates that social responsibility was not only undervalued, but it was also often overshadowed by the pursuit of personal goals. This belief system likely influenced public attitudes towards community and social engagement, leading many individuals to prioritize their own interests above those of the society at large.