d'Errico's argument about the Neandertals and symbolism necessarily requires which of the following?

• A. Evidence that Neanderthals created art
• B. Proof that Neanderthals used jewelry as symbols
• C. Comparative studies with modern humans
• D. Historical documentation of Neanderthal behavior

Answer: (B)

d'Errico's argument about Neandertals and symbolism depends on the premise that Neandertals engaged in behavior that indicates symbolic thought. The use of jewelry as symbols illustrates this cognitive capability because jewelry can serve as a form of artistic expression or personal adornment that conveys social or cultural meaning. If Neandertals used jewelry in a symbolic way, it would support the notion that they possessed the ability for abstract thinking, akin to symbolic representation.

This aspect of symbolism is crucial for making the case that Neandertals were not merely primitive beings but had a complex cognitive framework similar to that of modern humans. Thus, evidence specifically showing that Neandertals used jewelry—or similar artifacts—as symbols is essential to uphold d'Errico’s argument. This connection between material culture and symbolic interpretation is what substantiates the argument concerning Neandertal cognitive abilities.